Premamillary Nucleus


Moderate labelling of a number of cells was observed within the medial preoptic area (mPOA), the postero-dorsal part of the medial amygdala (MePD), and the dorsal and ventral part of the premamillary nucleus of the hypothalamus (PM-D; PM-V).  

In addition to basal forebrain magnocellular neurons, NGF-R is widely expressed within the CNS, including neurons of the caudate/putamen, ventral premamillary nucleus, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, prepositus hypoglossal nucleus, raphe nucleus, nucleus ambiguous, and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.  

A large number of thick labeled fibers were observed in the ventral hypothalamus including the TM and premamillary nucleus and posterior and lateral hypothalamic areas.  

CGRP positive cell bodies were observed in the preoptic area and hypothalamus (medial preoptic, periventricular, anterior hypothalamic nuclei, perifornical area, medial forebrain bundle), premamillary nucleus, amygdala medialis, hippocampus and dentate gyrus, central gray and the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus.  

High concentrations of LE (between 500 and 750 fmol/mg protein) were found in 15 brain areas, among them the periventricular nucleus, medial preoptic area, suprachiasmatic nucleus, dorsal premamillary nucleus, ventromedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus, nucleus ambiguus, locus coeruleus, substantia nigra.  

High concentrations of ir-Dyn A1-8 (greater than 240 fmol/mg protein) were found in 5 nuclei: ventral premamillary nucleus, anterior hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus, and medullary reticular nuclei.  

Moderate levels of the peptide (between 100 and 250 fmol/mg protein) were found in 42 brain nuclei such as the perifornical nucleus, nucleus of the diagonal band, medial forebrain bundle, and dorsal premamillary nucleus.  

Relatively high concentrations of ir-alpha-neo-endorphin (250 to 500 fmol/mg of protein) are present in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, paraventricular nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsomedial nucleus, central amygdaloid nucleus, periaqueductal gray matter, suprachiasmatic nucleus, periventricular nucleus, hippocampus, prepositus hypoglossal nucleus, arcuate nucleus, ventromedial nucleus, medial preoptic nucleus, zona incerta, dorsal premamillary nucleus, medial forebrain bundle (hypothalamic and preoptic), nucleus of the diagonal band, locus ceruleus, lateral septal nucleus, and nucleus ambiguus . Moderate levels (100 to 250 fmol/mg of protein) are found in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus, ventral premamillary nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, motor hypoglossal nucleus, caudate-putamen, periventricular thalamic nucleus, subcommissural organ, sensory trigeminal nucleus, perifornical nucleus, area postrema, supraoptic nucleus, cuneate nucleus, medial amygdaloid nucleus, and organum vasculosum laminae terminalis.  

At diencephalic levels, dense projections were seen from the parafascicular nucleus, dorsal premamillary nucleus, zona incerta, dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus and the retrochiasmatic area, in the ventral portion of the anterior hypothalamus.  

The nuclei identified include: the medial mamillary nucleus (in which at least three distinct subdivisions can be recognized--a pars medialis, a pars lateralis, and a pars basalis); the small-celled nucleus intercalatus; the large-celled lateral mamillary nucleus; a single premamillary nucleus; the tuberomamillary nucleus; the posterior hypothalamic nucleus; the caudal extension of the lateral hypothalamic area; the supramamillary area; and the paramamillary nucleus (which appears to correspond to the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis of other workers).  

They scarcely develop in the preoptic area, in the dorsal field, in the tubero-mamillar complex, in the parafornical nuclear groups, in the premamillary nucleus and in the mamillary nuclei.  


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